In China, vaccine is customarily divided into vaccine I and Vaccine II. Vaccine I is offered for free, and it's priced and purchased uniformly by government, covering the major epidemic diseases of Hepatitis B, Idemic Encephalitis, Tetanus, etc. Vaccine II is that vaccine which is inoculated voluntarily at people's own expense. It is independently priced and has large profit margins, but there are intense competitions in the market. The frequently-used Vaccine II includes Pneumonia vaccine, Varicella Vaccine, Type B Haemophilus Influenzae Conjugate Vaccine, Influenza Vaccine, Rabies Vaccine and so on. In China, Vaccine I markets are occupied by state-owned enterprises, while foreign-funded enterprises and private enterprises have certain advantages in Vaccine II markets.
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The great demands of Chinese vaccine market attract many leading enterprises of international vaccine industry to invest. In 2008, Sanofi Pasteur invested USD 94 million to build vaccine factories. In 2009, Novartis bought 85% of shareholding of Zhejiang Tianhua Co., Ltd. at the cost of USD 125 million and was registered in March 2011. In May 2011, GSK ended the cooperation with Watson Biological Company, and in June, it bought 51% shareholding of Haiwang Yingtelong Biotechnology Co., Ltd. at the cost of GBP 24 million and established wholly-owned subsidiary company. In September 2011, GlaxoSmithKline signed contracts with Sinopharm, Shanghai Zuellig Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Beijing Keyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The three distributors are responsible for the business of the North China, the central parts and the South China respectively and provide services for customers through the cold chain logistics system covering all over the country.
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