An indictment charges Marshall, 83, with grand larceny, criminal possession of stolen property, forgery, scheme to defraud, falsifying business records, offering a false instrument for filing and conspiracy.
The top count, grand larceny, is punishable by up to 25 years in prison.
Marshall's former attorney, Francis X. Morrissey Jr., also was indicted on those charges.
Marshall's son, Philip, prompted the criminal investigation last year after he accused his father of neglecting Astor's care and stealing her money. Astor died in August at the age of 105.
The elder Marshall, a former diplomat and Tony award winning producer, has denied all allegations that he abused his mother's trust.
Astor, known for decades as the premier woman of New York society and philanthropy, donated nearly $200 million to institutions such as the New York Public Library and Carnegie Hall.
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